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The SQL interface in LeanXcale is exposed to the C language through the ODBC driver, so you must install it first with the following before configuring.

1. ODBC Linux Installation

The next steps show how to install the LeanXcale ODBC Driver for Linux. This procedure was tested on Ubuntu 20.04 LTS and is expected to run on other distributions.

  1. Install the prerequisite packages:

    sudo apt-get install unixodbc unixodbc-dev

    The unixodbc-dev package is used by some extensions that need to be compiled before being installed.

  2. Download and unpack the ODBC Connector from the Drivers page.

  3. Make sure that all required dependencies are met:

    ldd libodbclx.so

    For Ubuntu 20.04 the required libprotobuf_c can be installed if missing in the following way:

    wget http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/pool/universe/p/protobuf-c/libprotobuf-c-dev_1.3.3-1_amd64.deb
apt install -y ./libprotobuf-c-dev_1.3.3-1_amd64.deb

  4. Copy the file libodbclx.so into the /opt/leanxcale/odbc/client directory:

    mkdir -p /opt/leanxcale/odbc/client
cp libodbclx.so /opt/leanxcale/odbc/client

    Make sure that the PHP user has read and execute permissions for libodbclx.so.

    For example:

    chmod +rx www-data /opt/leanxcale/odbc/client/libodbclx.so

  5. Create the file $HOME/.odbcinst.ini with the following details:

    [LeanXcaleODBCDriver]
Description = LeanXcale ODBC Driver for Linux
Driver = /opt/leanxcale/odbc/client/libodbclx.so
UsageCount = 1

  6. Create the file $HOME/.odbc.ini with these details:

    [LeanXcaleTests]
Driver = LeanXcaleODBCDriver
Description = Sample Database to be used for tests
Trace = No
Server = 123.45.67.89       # IP / hostname of your LeanXcale instance
Port = 1529
Database = dbtest
UserName = user1
Password = pass4user1
Encoding = WCHAR_T

By default, ODBC driver managers are configured to use hidden versions of the odbc.ini and odbcinst.ini configuration files (named .odbc.ini and .odbcinst.ini) located in the home directory.

If you store these configuration files elsewhere, then you must set the following environment variables:

  • Set ODBCINI to the full path and file name of the odbc.ini file.

  • Set ODBCSYSINI to the full path of the directory that contains the odbcinst.ini file.

The driver manager then must be able to locate these files.

2. ODBC Windows Installation

2.1. Installing the ODBC Connector

  1. Download the ODBC Connector for Windows from the Drivers page

  2. Run the installer lx-odbc-setup-1.6.6.exe

  3. The default installation directory is C:\Program Files\Leanxcale\lx-odbc-driver

  4. If asked to install the Visual C++ redistributable, then follow the default setup guide by simply clicking Next as needed.

2.2. Registry Keys

The setup adds the following relevant keys to the registry:

Registry Editor 
[HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE\SOFTWARE\ODBC\ODBCINST.INI]

[HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE\SOFTWARE\ODBC\ODBCINST.INI\ODBC Drivers]
"LX DRIVER(x64)"="Installed"

[HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE\SOFTWARE\ODBC\ODBCINST.INI\LX DRIVER(x64)]
"Driver"="[TARGETDIR]LXODBC.DLL"
"Setup"="[TARGETDIR]LXODBCSETUP.DLL"
"APILevel"="1"
"ConnectFunctions"="YYN"
"DriverODBCVer"="03.00"
"FileUsage"="0"
"SQLLevel"="3"

2.3. ODBC Data Source Administrator

After the driver is installed, add the data source with the ODBC Data Source Administrator from the User DSN tab:.

  1. Click Add

    ODBC DSA

  2. Select LX DRIVER(x64) from the driver list

    ODBC DSA

With the correct driver selected, you can now configure the Data Source Name properties:

ODBC DSA
Property Description Sample Values Comment

Data Source

Identifier for the datasource

ODBC logical name

Description

User friendly description of the database

Database name

Identifier for the database

SSL mode

SSL mode to use for connection

disable

Not yet supported

Host

LeanXcale server DNS or IP

Port

LeanXcale server access port

User

Login to database

Password

Database password

Trace

Error reporting level

no

TraceFile

Location of error log file

%temp%/lxodbc

Encoding

unicode

ANSI Encoding

auto-search

The Windows ODBC driver is an ANSI driver that also supports Unicode data.

3. Quick Start

This section includes a set of code snippets to connect, read, insert, and update information through the LeanXcale ODBC Driver. For more information about ODBC functions, please refer to the ODBC doc.

3.1. Connect and start a session

Connecting to the SQL interface requires some basic information:

  • If you use LeanXcale as a Cloud Service, then you can find the IP or hostname for your instance in the LeanXcale Cloud Console.

  • If you use LeanXcale on-premise, then provide the information from your installation.

In our examples, we include these parameters:

  • IP / hostname: 123.45.67.89

  • Port: 1529

  • DB name: dbtest

  • Username: user1

  • Password: pass4user1

Connecting to LeanXcale requires the creation of an environment handle. From this environment, you create as many connections as you need. Several connection attributes must be set before connecting.

  SQLAllocHandle(SQL_HANDLE_ENV, SQL_NULL_HANDLE, &env);

  SQLSetEnvAttr(env, SQL_ATTR_ODBC_VERSION, (void *)SQL_OV_ODBC3, 0);

  SQLAllocHandle(SQL_HANDLE_DBC, env, &conn);

  /* Disable autocommit */
  SQLSetConnectAttr(conn, SQL_ATTR_AUTOCOMMIT, (SQLPOINTER)SQL_AUTOCOMMIT_OFF,
                    0);

  rc = SQLDriverConnect(
      conn, NULL,
      "DSN=myodbc_test_dsn;USERNAME=user1;PASSWORD=pass4user1;"
      "TRACE=debug;Host=123.45.67.89;"
      "Database=dbtest;Port=1529;ENCODING=WCHAR_T;",
      SQL_NTS, str, sizeof(str), &strl, SQL_DRIVER_COMPLETE);
  CHECK_CONN_RESULT(rc, "SQLDriverConnect failed", conn);

In the next examples, the connection details are not included but are still needed for any application session. You create statements from the connection handle to interact with the data, and these queries should be supported by Leanxcale’s SQL dialect.

3.2. Create a table with indexes

To create a new table in LeanXcale, run the following code:

  rc = SQLAllocHandle(SQL_HANDLE_STMT, conn, &hstmt);
  CHECK_CONN_RESULT(rc, "Failed to allocate stmt handle", conn);

  rc = SQLExecDirect(hstmt,
                     "CREATE TABLE person (personId BIGINT AS IDENTITY START "
                     "WITH 1 INCREMENT BY 1"
                     ", dni VARCHAR, name VARCHAR, lastName BINARY, address "
                     "VARCHAR, phone VARCHAR, email VARCHAR"
                     ", comment VARCHAR, birthday date, weight float, height "
                     "float, primary key(personId))",
                     SQL_NTS);
  CHECK_STMT_RESULT(rc, "SQLExecDirect failed while creating table", hstmt);

  // Non unique index
  rc = SQLExecDirect(hstmt, "CREATE INDEX personixbd ON person(birthday)", SQL_NTS);
  CHECK_STMT_RESULT(rc, "SQLExecDirect failed while creating index", hstmt);

  rc = SQLExecDirect(hstmt, "CREATE UNIQUE INDEX personixdni ON person(dni)", SQL_NTS);
  CHECK_STMT_RESULT(rc, "SQLExecDirect failed while creating index", hstmt);

3.3. Insert, update and delete

3.3.1. Inserting multiple Records using a prepare statement

  rc = SQLPrepare(hstmt, (SQLCHAR *) "INSERT INTO person VALUES (?,?,?"
  ",'UNKNOWN',?,?,'no comments',?,?,?)", SQL_NTS);
  CHECK_STMT_RESULT(rc, "SQLPrepare failed", hstmt);

  char dni[50];
  wchar_t name[50];
  SQLLEN namesz;
  wchar_t lastName[50];
  SQLLEN lastnamesz;
  char phone[50];
  char email[50];
  long birthday;
  float weight;
  float height;
  long refdate = 946684800;
  rc = SQLBindParameter(hstmt, 1, SQL_PARAM_INPUT, SQL_C_CHAR, /* value type */
                        SQL_CHAR,                              /* param type */
                        50,                                    /* column size */
                        0,                                     /* dec digits */
                        dni, /* param value ptr */
                        50,  /* buffer len */
                        0 /* StrLen_or_IndPtr */);
  CHECK_STMT_RESULT(rc, "SQLBindParameter failed", hstmt);
  rc = SQLBindParameter(hstmt, 2, SQL_PARAM_INPUT, SQL_C_WCHAR, /* value type */
                        SQL_CHAR,                               /* param type */
                        50,           /* column size */
                        0,            /* dec digits */
                        name,         /* param value ptr */
                        sizeof(name), /* buffer len */
                        &namesz /* StrLen_or_IndPtr */);
  CHECK_STMT_RESULT(rc, "SQLBindParameter failed", hstmt);
  rc = SQLBindParameter(hstmt, 3, SQL_PARAM_INPUT, SQL_C_WCHAR, /* value type */
                        SQL_BINARY,                             /* param type */
                        50,               /* column size */
                        0,                /* dec digits */
                        lastName,         /* param value ptr */
                        sizeof(lastName), /* buffer len */
                        &lastnamesz /* StrLen_or_IndPtr */);
  CHECK_STMT_RESULT(rc, "SQLBindParameter failed", hstmt);
  rc = SQLBindParameter(hstmt, 4, SQL_PARAM_INPUT, SQL_C_CHAR, /* value type */
                        SQL_CHAR,                              /* param type */
                        50,                                    /* column size */
                        0,                                     /* dec digits */
                        phone, /* param value ptr */
                        50,    /* buffer len */
                        0 /* StrLen_or_IndPtr */);
  CHECK_STMT_RESULT(rc, "SQLBindParameter failed", hstmt);
  rc = SQLBindParameter(hstmt, 5, SQL_PARAM_INPUT, SQL_C_CHAR, /* value type */
                        SQL_CHAR,                              /* param type */
                        50,                                    /* column size */
                        0,                                     /* dec digits */
                        email, /* param value ptr */
                        50,    /* buffer len */
                        0 /* StrLen_or_IndPtr */);
  CHECK_STMT_RESULT(rc, "SQLBindParameter failed", hstmt);
  rc = SQLBindParameter(hstmt, 6, SQL_PARAM_INPUT, SQL_C_LONG, /* value type */
                        SQL_DATE,                              /* param type */
                        0,                                     /* column size */
                        0,                                     /* dec digits */
                        &birthday, /* param value ptr */
                        0,         /* buffer len */
                        0 /* StrLen_or_IndPtr */);
  CHECK_STMT_RESULT(rc, "SQLBindParameter failed", hstmt);
  rc = SQLBindParameter(hstmt, 7, SQL_PARAM_INPUT, SQL_C_FLOAT, /* value type */
                        SQL_FLOAT,                              /* param type */
                        0,       /* column size */
                        0,       /* dec digits */
                        &weight, /* param value ptr */
                        0,       /* buffer len */
                        0 /* StrLen_or_IndPtr */);
  CHECK_STMT_RESULT(rc, "SQLBindParameter failed", hstmt);
  rc = SQLBindParameter(hstmt, 8, SQL_PARAM_INPUT, SQL_C_FLOAT, /* value type */
                        SQL_FLOAT,                              /* param type */
                        0,       /* column size */
                        0,       /* dec digits */
                        &height, /* param value ptr */
                        0,       /* buffer len */
                        0 /* StrLen_or_IndPtr */);
  CHECK_STMT_RESULT(rc, "SQLBindParameter failed", hstmt);

  for (size_t inx = 0; inx < 10000; inx++) {
    snprintf(dni, 49, "%zd", inx);
    swprintf(name, 49, L"%zd", inx % 1000);
    namesz = (wcslen(name) + 1) * sizeof name[0];
    swprintf(lastName, 49, L"%zd", inx % 3000);
    lastnamesz = (wcslen(lastName) + 1) * sizeof lastName[0];
    snprintf(phone, 49, "%zd-%zd", inx, inx % 1000);
    snprintf(email, 49, "%zd@lx.com", inx % 1000);
    birthday = refdate + ((inx % 3000) * 86400);
    weight = (float)refdate / (float)(1 + (inx % 30000));
    height = (float)refdate / (float)(1 + (inx % 90000));

    rc = SQLExecute(hstmt);
    CHECK_STMT_RESULT(rc, "SQLExecute failed", hstmt);
  }

  rc = SQLEndTran(SQL_HANDLE_DBC, conn, SQL_COMMIT);
  CHECK_CONN_RESULT(rc, "Failed to commit", conn);

  rc = SQLFreeStmt(hstmt, SQL_CLOSE);
  CHECK_STMT_RESULT(rc, "SQLFreeStmt failed", hstmt);
  rc = SQLFreeStmt(hstmt, SQL_RESET_PARAMS);
  CHECK_STMT_RESULT(rc, "SQLFreeStmt failed", hstmt);

  rc = SQLFreeHandle(SQL_HANDLE_STMT, hstmt);
  CHECK_STMT_RESULT(rc, "SQLFreeHandle failed", hstmt);

3.3.2. Inserting using a Sequence

  rc = SQLAllocHandle(SQL_HANDLE_STMT, conn, &hstmt);
  CHECK_CONN_RESULT(rc, "Failed to allocate stmt handle", conn);

  rc = SQLExecDirect(
      hstmt, "CREATE SEQUENCE seq START WITH 10001 increment by 1", SQL_NTS);
  CHECK_STMT_RESULT(rc, "SQLExecDirect failed", hstmt);

  rc = SQLExecDirect(
      hstmt,
      "INSERT INTO person(personId, dni, name, lastName, address, phone, "
      "email, comment, birthday, weight, height) VALUES (NEXT VALUE FOR seq, "
      "'123456789A','John',X'3537','Mulholland "
      "Drive','0034698765432','johndoe@lx.com','secret',DATE "
      "'1963-03-14','70','179')",
      SQL_NTS);
  CHECK_STMT_RESULT(rc, "SQLExecDirect failed", hstmt);

3.3.3. Updating a Record by the key

  rc = SQLExecDirect(
      hstmt, "UPDATE person SET comment = NULL WHERE dni = '123456789A'", SQL_NTS);
  CHECK_STMT_RESULT(rc, "SQLExecDirect failed", hstmt);

3.3.4. Deleting a Record by the key

  rc = SQLExecDirect(hstmt, "DELETE FROM person WHERE dni = '123456789A'", SQL_NTS);
  CHECK_STMT_RESULT(rc, "SQLExecDirect failed", hstmt);

3.3.5. Deleting a Record with a Filter

  rc = SQLFreeStmt(hstmt, SQL_CLOSE);
  CHECK_STMT_RESULT(rc, "SQLFreeStmt failed", hstmt);
  rc = SQLFreeStmt(hstmt, SQL_RESET_PARAMS);
  CHECK_STMT_RESULT(rc, "SQLFreeStmt failed", hstmt);

  rc = SQLExecDirect(hstmt, "DELETE FROM person WHERE dni = '1000'", SQL_NTS);
  CHECK_STMT_RESULT(rc, "SQLExecDirect failed", hstmt);

  rc = SQLEndTran(SQL_HANDLE_DBC, conn, SQL_COMMIT);
  CHECK_CONN_RESULT(rc, "Failed to commit", conn);

  rc = SQLExecDirect(hstmt,
                     "DELETE FROM person WHERE (weight/power(height,2)) > 26.0",
                     SQL_NTS);
  CHECK_STMT_RESULT(rc, "SQLExecDirect failed", hstmt);

  rc = SQLEndTran(SQL_HANDLE_DBC, conn, SQL_COMMIT);
  CHECK_CONN_RESULT(rc, "Failed to commit", conn);

3.4. Read and scan Data

3.4.1. Selecting with a Group By clause

  rc = SQLExecDirect(hstmt,
                     "SELECT name, count(*) as rep FROM person"
                     " WHERE name = '123' GROUP BY name ORDER BY rep",
                     SQL_NTS);
  CHECK_STMT_RESULT(rc, "SQLExecDirect failed", hstmt);

  rc = SQLNumResultCols(hstmt, &numcols);
  CHECK_STMT_RESULT(rc, "SQLNumResultCols failed", hstmt);
  ASSERTEQUAL(numcols, 2);

  rc = SQLFetch(hstmt);
  CHECK_STMT_RESULT(rc, "SQLFetch failed", hstmt);

  rc = SQLGetData(hstmt, 1, SQL_C_CHAR, data, sizeof(data), 0);
  CHECK_STMT_RESULT(rc, "SQLGetData failed", hstmt);
  printf("Basic scan name: %s\n", data);
  ASSERTSTREQUAL(data, "123");

  long ldata = 0;
  rc = SQLGetData(hstmt, 2, SQL_C_LONG, &ldata, sizeof(ldata), 0);
  CHECK_STMT_RESULT(rc, "SQLGetData failed", hstmt);
  printf("Basic scan count: %ld\n", ldata);
  ASSERTEQUAL(ldata, 10);

  rc = SQLFreeStmt(hstmt, SQL_CLOSE);
  CHECK_STMT_RESULT(rc, "SQLFreeStmt failed", hstmt);

3.4.2. Selecting by joining two tables

  rc = SQLExecDirect(
      hstmt,
      "SELECT a.dni, b.dni, a.birthday, a.lastname FROM person a JOIN "
      "person b ON a.birthday = b.birthday WHERE a.personid <> "
      "b.personid AND a.dni = '123'",
      SQL_NTS);
  CHECK_STMT_RESULT(rc, "SQLExecDirect failed", hstmt);

  rc = SQLFetch(hstmt);
  CHECK_STMT_RESULT(rc, "SQLFetch failed", hstmt);

  rc = SQLGetData(hstmt, 1, SQL_C_CHAR, data, sizeof(data), 0);
  CHECK_STMT_RESULT(rc, "SQLGetData failed", hstmt);
  printf("Join scan dni: %s\n", data);
  ASSERTSTREQUAL(data, "123");

  rc = SQLGetData(hstmt, 2, SQL_C_CHAR, data, sizeof(data), 0);
  CHECK_STMT_RESULT(rc, "SQLGetData failed", hstmt);
  printf("Join scan dni: %s\n", data);
  ASSERTSTREQUAL(data, "3123");

  SQL_DATE_STRUCT cdate;
  rc = SQLGetData(hstmt, 3, SQL_C_DATE, &cdate, sizeof(cdate), 0);
  CHECK_STMT_RESULT(rc, "SQLGetData failed", hstmt);
  printf("Join scan birthday: %d-%d-%d\n", cdate.year, cdate.month, cdate.day);
  ASSERTEQUAL(cdate.day, 3);
  ASSERTEQUAL(cdate.month, 5);
  ASSERTEQUAL(cdate.year, 2000);

  wchar_t wstr[50];
  rc = SQLGetData(hstmt, 4, SQL_C_WCHAR, &wstr, sizeof(wstr), 0);
  CHECK_STMT_RESULT(rc, "SQLGetData failed", hstmt);
  printf("Join scan last name: %ls\n", wstr);
  ASSERTWSTREQUAL(wstr, L"123");

  rc = SQLFetch(hstmt);
  CHECK_STMT_RESULT(rc, "SQLFetch failed", hstmt);

  rc = SQLGetData(hstmt, 2, SQL_C_CHAR, data, sizeof(data), 0);
  CHECK_STMT_RESULT(rc, "SQLGetData failed", hstmt);
  printf("Join scan dni: %s\n", data);
  ASSERTSTREQUAL(data, "6123");

  rc = SQLFetch(hstmt);
  CHECK_STMT_RESULT(rc, "SQLFetch failed", hstmt);

  rc = SQLGetData(hstmt, 2, SQL_C_CHAR, data, sizeof(data), 0);
  CHECK_STMT_RESULT(rc, "SQLGetData failed", hstmt);
  printf("Join scan dni: %s\n", data);
  ASSERTSTREQUAL(data, "9123");

  rc = SQLFetch(hstmt);
  ASSERTEQUAL(rc, SQL_NO_DATA);

  rc = SQLFreeStmt(hstmt, SQL_CLOSE);
  CHECK_STMT_RESULT(rc, "SQLFreeStmt failed", hstmt);

Ths driver implements the ODBC 3.0 behavior, so Unicode’s ODBC functions are not supported.